Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Do you care about the goals of the organization that you work for, or do you focus more on getting a regular paycheck to bring home. Mcgregor considers theory x and theory y as two different continua in themselves, they are not different ends of the same continuum. Many theorists support that mcgregor s theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people. I developed them to help understanding and application of mcgregors xy theory concept.
It was in 1957 that douglas mcgregor first proposed the concept of theory x and theory y in the human. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its impact. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. You may know him from movies like trainspotting, moulin rouge. Challenges and limitations of theory x and theory y. The two theories are sets of propositions and beliefs about human nature. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions.
Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. The major distinct disadvantage of theory x and theory y is that they are put forward as challenging sets of assumptions a supervisor is either motivated by theory x or by theory y. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. This theory was developed by douglas mcgregor in 1950s at mit. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. According to mcgregor, the function of motivating people involves certain assumptions about human nature. Focuses on tactics of direction and control through the exercise of authority theory y humanbased.
Douglas mcgregors theory x vs theory y lucidchart blog. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Theory x is an authoritarian style where the emphasis is on productivity, on the concept of a fair days. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s.
Introduced by douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y talk about the diverging views that exist about how organizations function. I have a masters degree in holistic counseling and a certificate of advanced graduate studies in expressive arts therapy from salve regina university. While mcgregors theory y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, theory x management still persists in practice. Theory x and theory y are considered as theories of human motivation at the workplace. He referred to these two perceptions as theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y finzel 1994, 28 theory x authoritarian. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation.
Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses. Advantages and disadvantages of theory x and y essay. In contrast to the principles of conventional management mentioned as theory x, the advocated theory y illuminated a cluster of new or redefined concepts such as selffulfilling prophecy and responsibility. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Assumption of manager under theory x theory x assumes human beings as lazy, lacking in ambition, resisting change, and non creative, capable of being deceived easily, etc. We decided to look toward the future of digital billboards and our first digital boards are located at garfield and south side of h. Formed by stuart mcgregor an acknowledged world authority on animal mobility and the originator in the 1980s of the principles of modern animal osteopathy. Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. According to mcgregor, theory x seeks to promote engagement by directing, monitoring, and rewarding andor punishing the actions of employees, while theory y seeks to promote engagement by promoting worker satisfaction through greater job autonomy and freedom and less supervision carson, 2005. Conclusion theory x and theory y conclusion theory x and. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories.
Mcgregor consulting group research published papers. It is to mcgregor s thorough research and curiosity in behavior and incentive that we owe our current understanding of theory x and theory y. The latter theory has a much more positive view about employees and it is suggested that the employer is under a lot less pressure than one who is influenced by the management style of theory x. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. Theory x and theory y are still referred to regularly in the fields of. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. Theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Tek is viewed now as presenting viable alternatives to the status quo, which is seen to have caused todays environmental problems in the first place. Features of mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Richard mcgregor was a bureau chief for washington, dc in the financial times with three videos in the cspan video library. Both theories x and y are proposed by mcgregor which describe the workforce models which are contrasting in nature and which are used by reporting managers in organizational behaviour and human. Don mcgregor has become one of the foremost writers in comic books today.
Focuses on the nature of human relationships the integration of personal goals with the success of the enterprise. X y theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Thomas edison tried 10,000 different materials before he found the right one for the. The theory x and theory y are not based on a single truth. Software systems architect specialising in web application development. The points given below are substantial, so far as the difference between theory x and theory y is concerned. The 5th institute for the development of education irdo international conference, maribor, slovenia. With almost thirty years of experience in the field, don incorporates a deep understanding of human nature into his stories, blending humanity with humility and pain with glory. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Theory x holds a negative traditional view of the workers while theory y holds a much refined and. I knew instinctively that mcgregor s assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees. An ideal book for the usa flower arranger following how gill found this was an exciting assignment which challenged the very way we arrange our flowers and foliage. Theory x managers assume that workers are lazy, will avoid responsibility, and prefer to just get by.
Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory x type organizations seemed to believe. Douglas mcgregor then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the managers perception of people. We have been in business for the last 33 years at the same location. Contentsadvantages of theory x and ydisadvantages of theory x and ydifference between theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y have both their advantages and disadvantages, though many would prefer to call them their strengths and weaknesses.
Two of the surveys had to be eliminated due to missing. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. William mcgregor was born in braco, perthshire in 1847. Foam free flower arranger books with post to the united states. Abstract what motivates you to do a great job when you go to work. According to mcgregor 1960, the more pessimistic view of human naturetheory xwhich he claimed was the predominant perspective in the 1950s, was based on three assumptions. How many satisfied the employee of a particular organization so many productive they are. Informed by ken wilbers theory of everything and the integral vision and beck and cowans spiral dynamics approach. Social psychologist mcgregor s theoryx and theory yof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. As babies, we all fall when we are learning to walk.
He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. Douglas mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise published in 1960 has examined theories on. Do you want to boost your products market reach and monetization. Douglas mcgregor has developed a theory of motivation of the basis of hypotheses relating to human behaviour. Freelance is a free to use, open source bootstrap theme created by start bootstrap for people like me, who know how to use bootstrap, but dont have the time to sit down and manually design and code a whole website. Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with. Teori x dan teori y menurut douglas mcgregor gaya manajemen suatu perusahaan sangat dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan dan asumsi manajemennya terhadap apa yang merupakan dorongan kerja karyawannya.
Thus, we can say that theory x presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behaviour at work, while theory y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behaviour at work. Mcgregor s six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization goals are congruent with the main planks in. Gregor torkar slovenia, transdisciplinarity and nature conservation 176 kb march 2010. Miltons parents, walter scott mcgregor and johnnie doris day, owned the palace market, a grocery store and meat market in hartford where milton worked as a delivery boy. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y the idea that a managers attitude has an impact on employee motivation was originally proposed by douglas mcgregor, a management professor at the massachusetts institute of technology during the 1950s and 1960s. The mechanics we choose are often a consequence of the containers we select. Couple counseling includes use of emotion focused therapy, gottman techniques, and systemic questioning. Theory x people dislike work, have little ambition, and are unwilling to take responsibility.
There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid. Mcgregors ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people. I am certified in choice theory and reality therapy with the william glasser institute and have additional training in solution focused brief therapy from the brief therapy center in london, uk. Mcgregor canadian author of the montana series set in vancouver, british columbia. Jika manajemennya yakin bahwa sebagian dari karyawannya tidak menyukai pekerjaannya, maka gaya manajemen akan cenderung ke gaya manajemen otoriter.
However, modern revisions including contingency theorists argue that theory y is not essentially a progressive alternative to a dull theory x. The concept of theory x and theory y was developed by social psychologist douglas mcgregor. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation. Browne mcgregor architects is a houston based architecture firm that was founded in 1995. The human side of enterprise, mcgregor, 1957 and were expanded upon.
The styles of designs we arrange are a consequence of the mechanics we choose to use. Mcgregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work. Filmed over the course of 4 years, notorious is the exclusive, allaccess account of conors meteoric rise from claiming benefits and living in his parents spare room in dublin to claiming multiple championship ufc belts and seven figure paypackets in las vegas. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by bennis, caroline mcgregor. An eclectic mix of narrative therapy and solutionfocused therapy, grounded in cognitive behavioral therapy. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. The human side of enterprise, theory x and theory y is still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation. In addition to this, they can help a manager to focus on his thoughts on the different ways in which individuals relate to and. James h s mcgregor the countryside and historic cities. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of. Its a way to address your mental and emotional state in the same way you see a doctor regarding your physical wellbeing. The biggest advantage of using theory x and theory y is that they are easy to understand.
Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation. Theory x assumptions believe that workers must be controlled and threatened with punishment allio, 2009. Mcgregor 1960 famously argued that there are two types of managers. Mcgregor theory x and theory y for staff and employees motivation productivity plays a vital role in success of any business.
It describes two contrasting sets of assumptions that managers make about their people. Ei mea atomorum intellegam, has dolorum suavitate referrentur ei. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Features of mcgregor s theory x and theory y of motivation. Gregor torkar slovenia, transdisciplinarity and nature conservation. Theory x and y were created and developed by douglas mcgregor at the mit sloan school of management in the 1960s 2.
This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave. Theory x and theory y assumptions, merits and demerits. Theory x and theory y behavior scale kopelman, prottas, and falk, 2008. His work showed that thoughts and beliefs might influence behavio. In the 1960s, social psychologist douglas mcgregor developed two contrasting theories that explained how managers beliefs about what motivates their people. Conor mcgregor is the biggest star in the history of mixed martial arts and one of the biggest sports stars alive today. Influence on the management field, largely due to his theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor an american social psychologist proposed his famous x and y theories in his book 1960. The mcgregor group is the uks foremost animal osteopathy practice with over 30 years experience. Mcgregors ideas about theory x and theory y were first articulated in his article. However, our years of previous architectural work has shaped the firms project process, culture, and ultimately, the client experience. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company.
In such a case management has two strategies to adopt, viz. The democratic approach of theory y makes people feel comfortable as a result of which they commit themselves wholeheartedly to the organization. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. This entry first describes ising strategies for improved transfer in todays mcgregors theory x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. Advantages of theory x and y the biggest advantage of using theory x. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been researched. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregor s philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Theory x is propounded by mcgregor, which indicates a set of assumptions, that an average worker is motivated to satisfy their own needs and not to contribute to the fulfilment of organisational goals. Whilst we strive to maintain the natural ecological balance in the. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Other members of the team included george ramsay, archie hunter and eli davis.
Theoryx and theory y management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. The average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if possible. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. What might be less immediately understandable are the differing effects of theory x. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, no qui dicam voluptua, ei nec melius latine repudiandae.
The city of fort myers, in coordination with the florida department of transportation, replaced storm drainage on mcgregor boulevard from colonial boulevard to poinciana avenue. He worked as a draper in scotland before moving to birmingham in 1870 where he started his own business with his brother in aston. The present study explored the possibility that mcgregors 1960 theory x y assumptions serve as cognitive determinants of superior communicator style, a multidimensional set of style variables that can have considerable effects on subordinate wellbeing and organizational viability. What are the advantages and disadvantages of theory x and. The xy theory diagram and measurement tool below pdf and doc versions are adaptations of mcgregors ideas for modern organizations, management and work. Counseling of any kind is an investment in your ongoing general health and happiness. Theory x and theory y describe two views of people at work and may be used to describe two opposing management styles. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. Theory x managers and theory y managers often see their perceptions of people confirmed. While mcgregor s theory y model has been widely adopted in management literature as the preferred model, theory x management still persists in practice. There are two alternative sets of assumptions which mcgregor has. Mcgregor s theory x and theory y douglas mcgregor s in his book the human side of enterprise published in 1960, explained two different kinds of theories or assumptions about human behavior.
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